This article is part of a blog series on Drones, exploring what Drones are and what they can do for the construction industry.

Drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are now very sophisticated and used extensively by professionals in a variety of industries. The AECO industry has seen drone usage increasing year over year. It is now part of the tool kit of many companies in the field of construction. Using an intuitive, camera-embedded drone helps you to get low-cost, high-definition aerial imagery of construction sites. The quality of data you are getting is very valuable and will help you to overcome your initial concerns when you first survey a construction site with a drone.

Drones require some training, but they are easier to use days after day and with the experience, they become an invaluable asset in monitoring, surveying, and mapping construction sites. Drones are nowadays equipped with different cameras:

• high definition and ultra-high definition
• night vision
• thermal imaging.

Drones can fly slowly and hover in specific areas and they are cheap, functional, affordable, and produce better image quality than conventional airplane-based imaging.

Drone technology brings new benefits and challenges, as described below. The new approaches and methods help you to:

• solve issues easily
• meet the BIM construction standards
• make the decision-making process quicker.
• improve collaboration.

Main benefits of using drones for construction and infrastructure projects.

Traditional methods of obtaining visual data of a construction site with helicopters or terrestrial techniques are very expensive, not always accurate, and very quickly obsolete. Drones produce better quality and more precise visual data, faster, at a cheaper price, and in real-time. Below are some of the other benefits drones bring to the construction industry.

Image acquisition

Various stakeholders contractors, engineers, subcontractors, and architects working together on a construction site, need to accomplish specialized tasks, within strict and tight deadlines. To be successful they need frequent updates to make sound decisions collaboratively.

Drones can provide a full and accurate picture of the construction site when required. All stakeholders can see and interpret the data simultaneously to speed up the decision-making process by:

• producing detailed images
• tracking progress
• taking accurate decisions
• always using the same and most recent data
• comprehensively reconstructing site maps rather than relying on obsolete plans
• communicating what remains to be done, and the quality of what has been accomplished so far, with aerial visuals.

Accuracy of data

In addition to site maps and pictures you can see the following important information from data captured by drones on a single flight:

• GPS points, in 2D and 3D
• accurate measurements of distances, surfaces, elevations, and volumes.
• elevation of models such as digital terrain models (DTMs) and digital surface models (DSMs)
• missed datapoints from a site visit, like a manhole.

Cost and time saving

Collecting data with drones is fast and easy. It shortens the labor and time-intensive data collection in the field. With drones you can:

• Reduce time. A 14 mile road survey with the traditional method would take 9 hours. With a drone, you can do it in 30 minutes
• Scanning a field could take up to 5 days with a traditional scanner, with a drone you can get the same data in one hour with better quality
• Processing data on the internet will avoid long travel delays from site to office

You can use drones at all phases of a construction project to save time and money.

Excellent documentation

The more you survey the site the better your documentation will be. It will be very useful at each stage of the project life cycle. With traditional methods, it is cumbersome and labor intensive to:

• monitor and document progress
• detect faulty construction
• track mistakes and who was responsible

With drones, stakeholders can review and find mistakes when they happen. The data produced through the construction process are:

• clear
• accurate
• retrievable
• repeatable
• analyzable
• reusable for other projects.

Remote access

With traditional methods, office-based project stakeholders regularly travel to the site or have to get their information from the site manager to monitor progress.

A site manager using drones can capture images and then transfer the information via the internet. Office-based staff can immediately and simultaneously see the project progress on their computer, evaluate it and discuss it with the site manager as if they were on site together.

Cloud-based platforms such as Procore allow all stakeholders to access construction progress from any location at their convenience without traveling to the site or relying on the site workers' goodwill.

Increased safety

Drone can inspect difficult to reach areas of a site, or where dangerous machinery is located significantly reducing the potential risks of accidents to workers.

Securing areas on a construction site can prevent unauthorized people to enter a work restricted area to qualified employees only. Drone imagery can help to locate a violation in the boundary of a confined site immediately, preventing illegal entry and potential accidents.

In maintenance work inspecting sites with drones rather than mounting electric poles or walking alongside a busy road, workers can get images without putting themselves at risk.

Despite all these benefits, using drones is not without challenges.

Challenges of using drones

Drone reliability is improving all the time thanks to sophisticated sensors and software, making the collection of data imagery logical and smooth, but there are a few drawbacks to evaluate when you want to implement a drone program.

Drone operation and maintenance

When you decide to buy drones, it is important to include training costs in your investment budget. This will help ensure your staff know how to operate, manage and maintain them. Some drones require:

• piloting skills
• geospatial skills to process data and obtain accurate information from images.

You will have to review and streamline your processes and introduce new workflows to use the drone efficiently and help your team to get the right information at the right time.

Choosing an easy-to-use drone and software with well-integrated sensors and GNSS positioning systems will help your staff on-site to use them appropriately and produce accurate data as needed.

Regulations

Flying drones is more and more regulated by governments:

• some urban areas have airspace restrictions. Flying a drone in a desert is less risky than on a site in a densely populated area.
• to meet the requirements of present and future commercial uses

Construction companies using drones need to:

• ensure that the staff is trained to follow airspace regulations
• regularly update regulation guidance
• operate the drones safely.

Battery Life

Unfortunately, drone battery power is limited, so it only allows drones in the construction industry to fly for approximately twenty-five minutes at a time. To overcome this issue you will have to invest in multiple battery packs if you want your drone to fly for the entire day without re-charging your battery.

The battery life of drone mounted cameras is shorter than a traditional camera, limiting the usage of drones to take pictures and videos to a maximum of four consecutive hours.

Vulnerability

Drones are not suitable for use in some special circumstances:

• drones would be difficult to fly in freezing temperatures. The battery may not work properly and will not be able to provide accurate geographic data.
• drones are vulnerable to wild large flying animals such as eagles that will attack and capture them, preventing the drone to take important photos or videos. Unless you are lucky and find your drone in a nest you will have to replace the device.

Complexity

To control the flight of a drone and take good pictures or videos you will need:

• two operators, the camera operator knows what to focus on and a remote controller must be used if GPS is lost on an unmanned drone.
  
• to monitor progress, and get construction work accepted, you need to associate and follow the different sources of information.

Security

In utility infrastructure, for example, drones capture detailed data about power, creating a breach of confidentiality risk. You will need a security system to ensure effective protection against attacks.

Transmitting data collected by drones to the cloud increases the risk of cyber attacks. To solve this problem, it is necessary to use encrypted connections so the safety of all your confidential information is not vulnerable to unauthorized individuals stealing confidential files.

Confidentiality

Because drones can fly anywhere and capture images on private property, you will have to protect people's privacy to avoid liability, as drones can collect data without the knowledge of individuals, groups, or authorities.

Safety

Operational safety is a significant risk factor in the use of drone technology in the construction industry. It can:

• create aviation accidents and ground crashes
• cause public safety threats such as drones falling at height and falling on people.

In conclusion

Implementing drone technology in your company requires more than the initial investment in the equipment, you also need:

• to introduce a new tool and train your people
• to modify your workflows to incorporate drones in your organization
• to get a return on investment you will have to plan carefully the implementation of the technology in terms of time and money.

Driving Vision recommends that you try first and then decide when to scale the technology. Partnering with a specialized drone service subcontractor which has the authorizations, the trained pilots, and the knowledge to process the data and get the desired outcome, is a safe and prudent way to ensure that local and national regulations regarding the use of airspace are followed.

When you are convinced that drones bring value to your organization, you can decide to have drones in-house instead of relying on service providers.

Driving Vision can help you to decide if you need to invest in technology. Our technology diagnostic looks at the best way to incorporate new technology into your workflows and how to move your organization to cloud computing so you can open up new possibilities for your daily planning tasks and make sure your data never leaves the optimally secured data center.

The technology appraisal report will help you to explore what investment is required to improve your projects’ productivity and collaboration as well as the ROI you can expect.

A Driving Vision expert will conduct the interviews online and will issue a report and discuss our findings with you. Together we will decide the best way to implement the solutions at your pace and according to your budget.

Implementing BIM can be daunting, but Driving Vision is here to help you at the pace you are comfortable with. Get started by getting in touch now